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The Spirit Catches You and You Call Down Essay - 4621 Words

09/09/2013 Assignment 1 1. What do you think of traditional Hmong birth practices (pp. 3-5)? Compare them to the techniques used when Lia was born (p. 7). How do Hmong and American birth practices differ? I find the traditional birth practices peculiar and very unsafe. The conceiving of a child should be done in a sterile environment by professionals, so that the risks of negative effects like infections, wounds, etc. is minimized. Nevertheless I think the tradition, that the placenta is buried by the father, so that the soul can return to it’s first jacket, in order to continue it’s after death journey, is a wonderful way of believing what comes after death. Professional doctors handled Lia’s birth the American way, with her mother†¦show more content†¦They want to be accepted as free men with the right to live in this world and history has made them proof their will to achieve this status several times up until today. 3. Dr. Dan Murphy said, The language barrier was the most obvious problem, but not the most important. The biggest problem was the cultural barrier. There is a tremendous difference between dealing with the Hmong and dealing with anyone else. An infinite difference (p. 91). What does he mean by this? While the language barrier became very obvious to them as the Hmong language has very long descriptions for even the simplest words, the cultural barrier lead to a cultural bias in regards of western medicine. Hmong patients expected to be released of the ER with any kind of medicine they wouldn’t need. In addition to that the Hmong had a negative attitude towards surgery or any other invasive treatments, as it was frowned upon in their culture. One aspect that made it even harder was that pregnant Hmong women preferred to stay at home till the really last moment, so that often Hmong children were born in the parking lot or the elevator. They distrusted the western medicine so much that they preferred not getting better by gratefully accepting the medicine and diagnosis to save their pride and dignity. Just as history showed, they would rather die than give up their pride. 4. The author says, I was struck...by theShow MoreRelatedThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down Addresses Experiences And Decisions1018 Words   |  5 PagesFadiman’s The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down addresses experiences and decisions we may all relate to in some degree through the point of view of a journalist. It offers a different perspective and insight that has been used as an acceptable resource on cultural competence. As a passive reader, our understanding of cultural competence has grown more humanistic, because we feel the healthcare provider’s frustration and their concerns becoming more salient, while we see how a breakdown in communicationRead MoreFadiman Case Study: the Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesSummary of The Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down In ‘The Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down’, Lia, a Hmong baby girl, is born to a Hmong family living in California as refugees away from their war torn land in Laos. In Laos the Lee’s where farmers and lived in the country according to their Hmong traditions and beliefs. In California they barely understood the language, much less Western culture or medicinal practices. In Hmong tradition, illness was seen as a spiritual problem rather thanRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down By Anne Fadiman1611 Words   |  7 Pagesto each new generation, and with these traditions came the believe that Hmong are free and you must never betray your own people because Hmong protect Hmong. This ideology has helped the Hmong survive persecution from surrounding peoples. The preservation of Hmong tradition and customs is what has caused the Hmong to fight enemies or migrate to other surrounding areas. The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman helps h ighlight the Hmong history and their struggle with preserving traditionsRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You : Cultural Miscommunication1387 Words   |  6 PagesSpirit Catches You: Cultural Miscommunication All communication is cultural. It draws on ways we have learned to speak and give nonverbal messages. We do not always communicate the same way from day to day, since factors like individual personality, mood, and the context of the situation interact with the variety of cultural influences we have internalized that influence our choices. Communication is interactive, so an important influence on its effectiveness is our relationship with others. DoRead MoreThe Body in Western and Non Western Cultures 949 Words   |  4 Pagesculture, the body is a house for the spirit. The house is a mystery; no one knows how it works. For example, in The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down doctors have to reassure patients that blood work will not decrease the amount of blood in the body. To the Hmong the body has a finite supply of blood and by extracting blood to run tests the western doctors are making the patient tremendously more ill. For the Hmong when something is wrong with the house y ou call upon a shaman to find out what needsRead MoreAn Analysis Of Anne Fadiman s The Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down 1545 Words   |  7 Pagesus the story of how a Hmong girl suffering from severe epilepsy brought to light what happens when the American medical community fails to see patients as people whose cultural background is completely different from their own. The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down tells the story of Lia Lee. Lia was barely three months old when she had her first epileptic seizure. Born into a large family, her parents, Nao Kao and Foua Lee, were Hmong refugees from Laos who didn t speak a word of English. WhileRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures by Anne Fadiman1224 Words   |  5 Pages‘The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures’ is a book written in 1997 by the author Anne Fadiman. This book is based on a true story of the life of a Hmong child, Lia Lee who is epileptic. She suffers from numerous grand mal seizures and eventually she becomes vegetative for the remainder of her life. The intention of this book, however, is not Lia’s condition, but to highlight the problems that exist between the two culturesRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe book titled The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: Talks about a Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures written by Anne Fadiman. Anne Fadiman is an American essayist and reporter, who interests include literary journalism. She is a champion of the National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction, the Salon Book Award, and the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Current Interest. In the book, Anne Fadiman explores the clash between a county hospital in CaliforniaRead MoreRole of Cross-Cultural Misunderstanding in Ruining Lias Life1219 Words   |  5 PagesCross-cultural Misunderstanding in Ruining Lia’s Life Lia is born of a loving Hmong family, and just three months into her life, begins to reveal epileptic symptoms. According to the Hmong community, the condition is curable, and the presence of spirits in such a patient’s soul is considered a blessing. However, American doctors in a community medical center fail to understand and appreciate Lia’s parents’ approach to the child’s disease, and are only interested in saving this child’s life. As theRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman542 Words   |  2 PagesIn the novel by Fadiman, The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down, is written about two cultures and their differences: Hmong and American. The clash between these two cultures interferes with the treatment of a three-month child, Lia Lee, which has been diagnosed with epilepsy. Her parents’ think is actually caused by the spirits. When it comes to the treatment for Lia her parents prefer to treat her with th eir own particular ways and medications, like in the Hmong culture, instead of going for

Application of Organizational Perspective-Free-Samples for Student

Question: Discuss about the Application of Organizational Perspective in your current workplace. Answer: Introduction In todays business world, organizational effectiveness is considered as one of the most crucial success factors for the companies. Organizational effectiveness refers to a particular concept that illustrates the effectiveness of the companies in achieving the goals and objectives of the businesses (McShane Von Glinow, 2013). Thus, in order to bring effectiveness in the companies, the management is required to consider he four key practices or perspectives. They are Open System Perspective, Learning Perspective, High Performance Work Practices (HPWP), and Stakeholder Relationships (Miner, 2015). The main aim of this report is to analyze the application of organizational effectiveness in Tommy Hilfiger with the help of three perspectives; they are Open System Perspective, High Performance Work Practices (HPWP) and Stakeholder Relationships. Tommy Hilfiger is one of the major designers and manufacturers of upper market apparel for men, women and children. Application of Organizational Perspectives Open System Perspective The basis of the open system perspective is the concept that shows the influence of the environment on the business organizations. This practice states that the environment provides the organizations with the key resources for their long-term survival. Thus, it can be said that the open system perspective has its contribution towards the development of organizational effectiveness (Berglund Sandstrm, 2013). There has been effective application of open system perspective in Tommy Hilfiger. The application of open system perspective can be observed in the leadership style of the senior management team of the company. Most importantly, the leaders of Tommy Hilfiger are responsible for set directions and for influencing the employees to follow their directions. In the organization, under the presence of open system perspective, the senior management team can effectively understands the overall structure and dynamics of the organization and guide the employees towards the achievements of the organizational goals and objectives. Apart from this, the application of open system perspective can be seen in the planning process of Tommy Hilfiger. The management of the company does the application of open system perspective for clear and orderly planning of the organizational activities (Scott Davis, 2015). High Performance Work Practice (HPWP) For increasing the organizational effectiveness, another major useful perspective is High Performance Work Practices, commonly known as HPWP. It needs to be mentioned that HPWP refers to some specific tactics of the company management for increasing the productivity and profitability of the business organizations (Katzenbach Smith, 2015). In Tommy Hilfiger, the application of various HPWP has been majorly helpful for increasing the overall effectiveness of the organization. It can be seen that the management of Tommy Hilfiger has applied the strategy of HPWP in rewarding and awarding the employees. More specifically, the company uses to provide the employees having highest performance with award and reward so that they can get recognition in front of everyone. This technique is largely helpful for increasing the employee motivation in the company. Apart from this, as a part of HPWP application, Tommy Hilfiger uses to monitor the performance of their employees. The main aim of this t actic is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the employees so that effective programs can be implemented for them. The company uses a well-designed on-boarding strategy for their employees so that they can be properly introduced with their job descriptions and specifications. Apart from this, Tommy Hilfiger applies HPWP in many other areas like preview for jobs, employee appraisal, job classification, compensation system and others (Yanadori Jaarsveld, 2014). Stakeholder Relationship Stakeholder relationship perspective is considered as another major factor for bringing organizational effectiveness. Stakeholder relationship perspective refers to the particular process that helps the organizations in involving people who may be beneficial from the decisions (Schnackenberg Tomlinson, 2016). It needs to be mentioned that Tommy Hilfiger has made the application of this stakeholder relationship perspective in different manners. One of the major aims of Tommy Hilfiger in the aspect of stakeholder relationship perspective is maintaining excellent communication with various stakeholders of the company. In this process, the company uses to share all the important information with the key stakeholders so that they can be aware of different projects of the company. At the same time, another major aim of Tommy Hilfiger is to maintain an effective relationship with the stakeholders (Bourne, 2016). For this purpose, the company uses to arrange periodical meetings with their k ey stakeholders so that they can feel themselves as a part of the process. This aspect is highly beneficial for maintaining good relation with the stakeholders of the company. These are the major areas where the application of stakeholders relationship perspective can be seen in Tommy Hilfiger. Reflective Recommendations Based on the above discussion, I would like to provide recommendations to the management of Tommy Hilfiger in HPWP perspective and stakeholder relationship perspective. Recommendation for HPWP: As a part of HPWP perspective, I would recommend the management of Tommy Hilfiger to implement the strategy of regular performance appraisal for the employees based on SMART goals. The existing performance appraisal practice is not based on SMART goal. The adoption of this strategy will make the objectives of the employees more specific, significant, meaningful, achievable, measurable and agreed upon. Regular basis appraisal will increase the productivity of the employees of Tommy Hilfiger. Recommendation for Stakeholder Relation Perspective: As a part of the stakeholder relation perspective, I would recommend the management of Tommy Hilfiger to make proper identification of the major stakeholders of the company. At present, the company does not spend time in identifying the major stakeholders, but the identification of major stakeholders will help the company to cater to the specific needs of them. The application of this strategy will be majorly helpful for establishing an effective relationship between the company and its shareholders Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be observed that the organizational perspectives possess significant importance in the development of organizational effectiveness as they help the organizations in achieving their goals and objectives. In case of open system perspective, business organizations become able to increase the overall productivity and profitability of the whole organization. However, the application of HPWO helps the business organizations in the increase of the productivity of their employees so that organizational objectives are met. In case of stakeholders relationship perspective, the application of the strategies make it sure that there is a good relationship between the company and the stakeholders References Berglund, H., Sandstrm, C. (2013). Business model innovation from an open systems perspective: structural challenges and managerial solutions.International Journal of Product Development,18(3-4), 274-285. Bourne, L. (2016).Stakeholder relationship management: a maturity model for organisational implementation. CRC Press. Katzenbach, J. R., Smith, D. K. (2015).The wisdom of teams: Creating the high-performance organization. Harvard Business Review Press. McShane, S., Von Glinow, M. (2013).M Organizational Behavior. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Miner, J. B. (2015).Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Schnackenberg, A. K., Tomlinson, E. C. (2016). Organizational transparency: A new perspective on managing trust in organization-stakeholder relationships.Journal of Management,42(7), 1784-1810. Scott, W. R., Davis, G. F. (2015).Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Yanadori, Y., Jaarsveld, D. D. (2014). The relationships of informal high performance work practices to job satisfaction and workplace profitability.Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society,53(3), 501-534

Students with disabilities in higher education institutions

Federal Laws on Discrimination in Higher learning institutions Primarily, there are two federal legislations that offer protection to individuals who are disabled. These federal laws protect individuals from discrimination within learning environments. These legislations include the Americans with Disability Act of 1990 (ADA), and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Students with disabilities in higher education institutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The protection for individuals with disabilities was enhanced through the ADA Amendments Act of 2008. The ADA was signed into law in the year 1990 by President George Bush. The law offers protection against discrimination to various individuals with disabilities in colleges and universities within the United States (Russo Osborne, p 14). According to the ADA, all individuals should be given an equal chance in life ir respective of their conditions. The ADA is divided into various subsections, which address certain aspects of the Act. In a general sense, ADA condemns any discrimination based on an individual’s disability. Title II of the ADA requires state and local institutions to avoid discrimination based on an individual’s disability. Therefore, title II covers institutions of higher learning as it prohibits these institutions from discriminating against individuals with disabilities. Title II of the same Act addresses the issue of discrimination in private institutions. Apart from the ADA, there is Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which requires all programs that get federal financial assistance to avoid discrimination based on disability. This section covers all learning institutions that get direct or indirect federal financial assistance. Therefore, this section applies to virtually all institutions of higher learning. It can be asserted that the ADA and Sectio n 504 are essentially geared towards protecting individuals with disabilities in higher learning institutions against discrimination (Russo Osborne, p. 15). The laws on the American higher education are meant to protect students who are disabled against discrimination from the learning institutions. This is because most of the higher learning institutions do not offer the appropriate services to such students that are meant to enhance their education. Instead, they disregard these students, and that the students are unable to get the right facilities. The federal law gives students the right to acquire the right education, just like the normal students in the same institution (Leap, p. 3). The federation committee does this by identifying the students who have such disabilities. This is achieved by getting such information from a certain institution where the student has been admitted, as well as dealing with any complains arising from the students from the various institutions.Adv ertising Looking for essay on administrative law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The students who are found with disabilities are briefed on their rights regarding education. They are also given advice in case they face discrimination from the institution. Discrimination in learning institutions takes various forms and can be found in learning facilities, accommodation facilities or other benefit denied by the institution. Therefore, the institution is liable for any suffering of the student that arises from discrimination (Leap, p. 6). The federal law requires that an institution is supposed to offer the right and the best accommodation facilities to the disabled students. Nonetheless, these students must meet the academic qualifications. This is normally funded by the department of education in the United States. Accommodation for students with Disabilities In institutions of higher education, students with different disabi lities are required to register with the institution. This enables the institutions to plan on the students that need special attention. The student is supposed to do this in advance so as to make the work easier for the institution. Once the student has made the request, the office checks and confirms on whether the student qualifies to get assistance or accommodation from the institution. After the confirmation, the respective course tutors or lecturers receive a letter indicating that the student should be given some special attention. This is done in order to enhance participation of the student in demonstrating his or her learning abilities. It also offers an equal opportunity in learning for all students. Any facility that is provided to disabled students in the institution of higher learning should not give the student a greater advantage than the normal students. In addition, this should not alter any aspect of the course offered within the institution. Accommodations for st udents depend on the disability type that the student has, and whether the disability allows the student to get an accommodation in the institution. Also, this is dependent on the severity of the disability (Schwab, Gelfman, and Tirozzi, p.297). Some of these facilities include classrooms, admission facilities, and preparation tests, which makes these students to qualify for the facilities in the institutions of higher learning. If the concerned course instructor is not able to assist the student, he or she should work closely with the student in a private and confidential manner.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Students with disabilities in higher education institutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the instructor can consult with the office that offers support services to students with disabilities so as to assist the student comprehensively. Some of the recommended facilities that should be provided to enhance education for disabled students have been discussed below. Classroom In terms of class room accommodation, there are various aspects that need to put into consideration so as to avoid disregarding these students and denying them the right to education. These students should be offered accessible classrooms that are within their reach during classwork. There should also be a demonstration in class to enable the students understand what is taught. In addition, there should be a longer time for assignments to enable the students finish their assignments effectively. Also, there should a provision of visual aids for students with visual disabilities. Short assignments should be given to ease their work. Lectures that are tape recorded should be provided to enhance learning for the blind students that have a hearing ability. These students should be given assistance on how the assignments should be carried out. The students should be provided with devices for lear ning. Such devices include braille for those students who have visual disabilities; and modification of sitting arrangements in a class to ensure that the students can access what is being taught. Braille and large prints should be used during the learning hours. It is also important to ensure that these students are kept away from distraction and disturbance of any kind during examination time. Also, these students should be provided with microprocessors to ease their learning process. Classroom accommodation can also be obtained through offering alternative course materials such as braille for the blind and digital notes among others. It can also be obtained by hiring specialists in interpretation or other ways of delivering oral information to the disabled student (Huger, p. 10). Admission During admission of the disabled students, there are several admission issues that should be considered. This will ensure that the student gets the right access to the learning environment. The re are various requirements that should be observed in order to eliminate discrimination during admission to any college or university. The students should be admitted to undertake any course in the institution as long as he or she qualifies for the same or meets the requirements of that course. For any course, students should be given standard entrance tests that are usually given to other student applying at the same university. For instance, a test meant for normal students can be given to a blind student provided that the blind student has the right facilities for the test.Advertising Looking for essay on administrative law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The procedure used during regular admission should be similar for all students. However, each institution is supposed to come with its own means according to the law. In addition, the student is supposed to take an exam that is meant for a certain disability. There are other aspects that are necessary. These include interviews, which are also carried out involving the assessment of certain knowledge. It is also important to enhance communication between parents. In addition, schools and teachers should be provided. Guidance and counseling programs should also be offered on admission. Finally, the student should also be allowed to participate in extracurricular activities within the institutions. Preparation tests such as TOEFL and GRE and GMAT Students with disabilities should have a preparation test that allows them to be admitted in a given institution. There are various requirements under the preparation test to enable the student qualify for admission and benefit from the instit ution. Before admission, the students should take standardized tests such as the TOEFL. Students must obtain English language verification from their respective teachers, which should be in written form. The student is also supposed to submit scores of an English assessment test from an internationally acceptable test like TOLFL. In addition, the student should take a test that involves computer-based English, which tests the real life measures for the student’s language ability (Koenig, p. 82). Housing Any student with a disability is supposed to get the appropriate housing within an institution. For the student to benefit from the institution in terms of housing for accommodation, there are various concerns that should be addressed. The housing facility should be accessible and supportive to the student. It should be designed to reduce discomfort among the students. For example, the housing should be within the institution, and/or it should not be far from the lecture halls . The housing should also be able to meet the students’ needs. In addition, the housing cost should be affordable to the student. Can a student with disabilities be provided with accommodation in college? It is true that students with disabilities can be provided with sensible accommodation in colleges or any other institution of higher learning. Institutions of higher learning do this by modifying their facilities to accommodate students with disabilities. This is done through adjusting policies that govern the institutions. Modification practices can also include the provision of extra time for the students during exams and other tests. These students should be approached with some leniency in that penalties for minor mistakes should be limited. Also, the course content should be reduced so as to reduce the workload. These students should also be provided with an extended time for completion of degree courses. It is also important to provide personal care for students who h ave serious disabilities. These students should be provided with extra aid and other services. However, if doing so is likely to alter the normal operations of the institution, then the extra aid and other services can be avoided. These institutions must avoid discrimination of any kind against students with disabilities. Nonetheless, there is an official process for getting accommodation (Jaeger and Bowman, p. 181). Process of getting accommodation Before any student with a disability is allowed in any institution of higher learning in American, he or she must be confirmed to be eligible to get accommodation as a disabled student. The procedure followed by students who want to get accommodation in institutions differs depending on the institution. This is because different institutions have different facilities depending on the courses offered. Therefore, this forces the student with disabilities to contact the service program for the disabled students to get guidance regarding the issue of accommodation. If this is not the case, then the student should the dean of students or any academic advisor on the way forward. Sometimes the disabled student may not be able to identify the appropriate accommodation that they need from the institution. In this case, they should contact the support service program found in the school. After all these have been accomplished, the student should write a letter requesting for accommodation. In this letter, the student should indicate that he or she is disabled and state the disability that can affect his or her full engagement. The student should also quote the appropriate accommodation that will make him or her comfortable. Again, it is important for the deadline in respect to application for accommodation to be indicated. After this, students are supposed to wait for the response from the concerned authority. If the student does not get any response after the deadline, then the student should appeal or make complains regard ing the decision to deny him or her right to accommodation. If the school does not provide accommodation even after making appeals, there is a procedure that has to be followed. This ensures that the student gets the right to learning without discrimination. The student can talk to the head of faculty or the course instructor regarding the issue. Also, the student can get help from the disability staff office. The student also has the option of reporting to the dean of faculty or the departmental heads. If all these fail, the student can look for any other avenue to address the issue internally, or liaise with the office of disability services to make a follow up on behalf of the student. Finally, if all of these processes do not bring any success, the student is allowed to file a case with the department of education in the United States in order to get a solution for the situation (Huger, p. 76). Are there any documents that a disabled student should submit to get accommodation? T here are certain documents a disabled student should have so as to get accommodation in any higher learning institution. However, this again depends on the institution because different institutions have different requirements for accommodation facilities. Any institution of higher learning should ease the requirements so as to accommodate the disabled students. This is because most students tend to feel discriminated when the requirements are too high or expensive for them to meet. One of the documents that should be presented by the student with a disability is a report from the medical doctor. The document should be current, and should indicate the essential needs for the student who has the disability. The document should be a medical report that has been signed and administered by a professional doctor. This report should show that some diagnosis has been carried out by a professional doctor; and that, disability characteristics have been detected. Therefore, the doctor should recommend the student for special facilities in any learning institution using the diagnosis results. Some of the disability diagnosis types include hearing impairment, visual impairment, and injuries to the brain that affect the thinking capacity. The written report to be submitted also should contain various elements as a proof for the disability. The report should have a history of clinics attended up to the last date the student visited the doctor. It should also contain the current condition of the disability; the degree of seriousness of the disability problem; the process that was used in the identification and verification of the disability; the medication prescribed to the student; symptoms associated with the disability; and the recommendation for the accommodation, which should be very specific in relation to the learning abilities of the student (Wright, p. 240). Every disability has its own unique documentation; for example, a student having a learning disability cannot have the same documentation of a student who has a hearing disability or is blind. This means that every student should present a document that is quite different from others, and should be examined and considered depending on the disability. Advice to students with a disability in case they are discriminated in colleges Discrimination of any kind should be discouraged in all ways possible. The situation becomes critical when discrimination is directed towards individuals with disabilities. In colleges or institutions of higher learning, students with disabilities are often predisposed to various forms of discrimination. There is no doubt that the demands for students with disabilities are many compared to normal students. For the student who has been discriminated upon, it is advisable to file a complaint to the relevant authorities within the learning institutions. The student has to ensure that he or she exhausts all the internal avenues for complaint before involving other peop le. If the situation becomes complicated, the student is advised to involve the office of support services in the department of education. The student can also file a case in a court of law. It is advisable for those students who have disabilities to enroll in institutions that can serve their unique needs. This aims at avoiding unnecessary discrimination issues. The students who have disabilities should not remain silent when they are discriminated upon; instead, they need to come forward and seek redress from the relevant authorities (Brading, and Curtis, p. 226). This way, the problem of discriminations shall be dealt with in a comprehensive manner. In fact, as mentioned earlier, individuals with disabilities are offered protection by the various federal legislations that have been enacted. The ADA and Section 504 are examples of the federal laws enacted to guard against discrimination in learning institutions based on disability. Works Cited Brading, Jean, and John Curtis. Disab ility Discrimination: A Practical Guide to the New Law. London: Kogan Page, 2000. Print. Huger, Marianne S. Fostering the Increased Integration of Students with Disabilities. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2011. Print. Jaeger, Paul T, and Cynthia A. Bowman. Disability Matters: Legal and Pedagogical Issues of Disability in Education. Charlotte, N.C: Information Age Pub, 2009. Print. Koenig, Judith A. Reporting Test Results for Students with Disabilities and English-Language Learners: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002. Print. Leap, Terry L. Tenure, Discrimination, and the Courts. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press, 1995. Print. Russo, Charles J, and Allan G. Osborne. Section 504 and the Ada. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Corwin Press, 2009. Print. Schwab, Nadine, Mary H. B. Gelfman, and Gerald N. Tirozzi. Legal Issues in School Health Services: A Resource for School Administrators, School Attorneys, School Nurses. New York: Authors Choice Press, 2005. Print. Wright, Jim. RTI . Toolkit: A Practical Guide for Schools. Port Chester, NY: Dude Publishing, 2007. Print. This essay on Students with disabilities in higher education institutions was written and submitted by user Tombstone to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.